Cataract surgery is one of the most common and successful eye procedures performed globally.

What Is Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery is a straightforward day procedure performed to restore clear vision when a cataract begins to interfere with everyday activities such as reading, driving, or recognising faces.

A cataract occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, making vision appear blurred, dull, or hazy. Surgery is recommended once this cloudiness starts to affect your quality of life or independence.

Common causes of cataracts include:

• Natural ageing of the lens
• Long-term use of certain medications, such as steroids
• Eye injuries or previous surgery
• Medical conditions like diabetes
• Family history of cataracts

Cataract surgery is suitable for people whose vision can no longer be corrected effectively with glasses or contact lenses.

How Does Cataract Surgery Restore Vision?

The procedure restores vision by removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a clear intraocular lens (IOL). This allows light to pass cleanly through the eye and focus properly on the retina, resulting in sharper, more vibrant vision.

Different types of IOLs are available, each designed to suit specific visual needs, from single-focus lenses for distance to advanced multifocal or toric lenses that can reduce dependence on glasses. Your ophthalmologist will recommend the most appropriate option based on your eye health and visual goals.

Preparing for Cataract Surgery

Preparation is straightforward and helps ensure the best surgical outcome.

Before surgery, you can expect:

• Comprehensive eye assessment: Measurements of the eye are taken to plan the surgery and select the right lens.
• Discussion of lens options: Your ophthalmologist will explain which lenses best match your vision needs.
• Review of health and medications: Certain medications may need to be paused before surgery.
• Post-surgery planning: Arrange for someone to take you home, as you won’t be able to drive immediately afterwards.

Your ophthalmologist will guide you through each step so you know what to expect on the day.

What to Expect During Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is performed as a day procedure and usually takes around 15 to 30 minutes per eye.

A small incision is made to gently remove the cloudy lens, which is then replaced with a clear intraocular lens. The incision is self-sealing, meaning stitches are rarely required.

Most patients rest briefly after surgery and can return home the same day with protective eyewear. Your vision may be blurry at first, but recovery is rapid this clears as the eye begins to heal.

Cataract Surgery Recovery: Timeline and Tips

Recovery is generally quick, with most people noticing clearer vision within a few days. Full healing can take several weeks, depending on individual eye health.

Typical recovery timeline:

• Day 1: Attend your first post-operative check-up. Vision may still be slightly cloudy.
• Week 1: Noticeable improvement in clarity; mild sensitivity or light glare may occur.
• Weeks 2–4: Vision continues to stabilise; most patients resume regular activities.

Tips for recovery:

• Use prescribed eye drops as directed.
• Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye.
• Refrain from swimming, eye makeup, or contact sports for at least one week.
• Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect against glare.

Resuming Activities After Cataract Surgery

Most people return to light activities, such as reading or watching TV, within a day or two. Driving can usually resume once your ophthalmologist confirms your vision meets the required standard, often within a few days.

Activities to avoid temporarily:

• Swimming for 1–2 weeks
• Eye makeup for at least one week
• Heavy lifting, contact sports or strenuous exercise for one week

Following your specialist’s advice ensures safe healing and the best possible vision outcome.

Risks and Benefits of Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is highly effective and has a strong record of safety.

Benefits include:

• Brighter, clearer vision
• Improved contrast and colour perception
• Greater visual comfort and independence

Possible risks (though uncommon) include:

• Temporary swelling or inflammation
• Glare or halos around lights
• Infection or lens movement (rare and treatable)

Your ophthalmologist will explain potential risks before surgery and provide guidance for safe recovery and follow-up care.